Volunteer Divers Needed To Restore Coral Reefs
KEY LARGO (CBS4/AP) — Volunteer divers can now add a new lesson to their diving knowledge. Many divers are learning how to help restore the ecosystem by cleaning and preparing new coral for planting in the Florida Keys.
Ken Nedimyer has been working to restore the coral underneath the turquoise waters of the Florida Keys for more than a decade and knows first-hand the tremendous amount of work it takes to replenish a fragile part of the world's oceans.
"We are trying to put Humpty Dumpty back together again," said Nedimyer, whose Coral Restoration Foundation has planted four coral nurseries off the shores of the Florida Keys. The foundation offers workshops and diving trips for recreational divers.
"We are trying to get people to realize that it was a lot better and it can be brought back again," Nedimyer added.
Divers helping out with the work learn everything about corals and why they are experiencing a rapid decline, particularly in the Caribbean. "It's not as magical as it once was and it's going downhill," said Nedimyer.
The decline of coral has dire implications. Coral reefs, much like a rain forest, support a huge amount of biodiversity; attract tourism and commercial fishing; and act as a natural barrier to coastal erosion during storms. In the Florida Keys, staghorn coral (cylindrical branches) and elkhorn coral (antler-like branches) face local extinction. Both are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has proposed listing them as endangered.
"Corals are dying rapidly, much more rapidly than we believe they have in the past, which is a problem for sustaining the populations," said Margaret Miller, an ecologist with the National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA. "Caribbean coral reefs are already dramatically changed from the way we understand they should look because 50 to 80 percent of the coral has already been lost from most Caribbean reefs."
Nedimyer's four coral nurseries are thriving. But Miller cautioned that while the "nurseries are helping us keep pace with this negative decline," there needs to be a concerted effort to address larger problems such as global warming and the chemical makeup of the ocean "if coral reefs throughout the world are going to survive."
In the meantime, recreational divers can join marine scientists in helping to buy time through the reef restoration efforts.
"The idea is to come up with a simple process and train people just like you to do it," Nedimyer told a group of seven volunteer divers at a recent workshop in Key Largo that includes a series of educational lectures and hands-on dives to restore corals.
Nedimyer explained to the group that disease, severe cold fronts (just like Floridians, corals don't like the cold), multiple years of coral bleaching (caused by warmer water and other environmental factors) and frequent hurricanes are among the "stressors" that have contributed to the rapid decline of the coral, along with climate change, overfishing, coastal development and more.
Nedimyer and his group have experimented with different ways to grow corals in the nurseries, much as you would with plants. At first, corals were mounted on concrete disks using underwater adhesive, with each disk attached to a PVC pipe with a cement base raising the disk off the ocean floor. Live tissue grew over the adhesive as the coral formed new branches.
Low-cost line nurseries were later introduced, where corals hanging from wire or monofilament survived at high rates and grew rapidly. But wildlife officials were concerned that dolphins, turtles and other species would get caught in the lines. The foundation's latest technique has proven to be most effective: Corals hang on a tree nursery (think a Christmas tree with ornaments) that is tethered to the sea floor but can move around in storms.
The coral starts out about the size of a knuckle but can grow to 30 or 40 centimeters (12 or 15 inches). The volunteer divers help Nedimyer attach the tiny starter coral fragments onto the tree nurseries about 30 feet (9 meters) below the surface of the water. When the coral lengthens and has healthy multiple branches, Nedimyer clips it for replanting in the popular diving and snorkeling spot Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. (Boats are tied up to permanent moorings, marked by buoys, to prevent dropped anchors from damaging the reef.)
The divers at the recent Keys workshop traveled from across the U.S. for what they described as "underwater community service." Their visit included swimming out to the coral nursery — about the length of an acre (four-tenths of a hectare) and as far as your goggled-eyes can see — to clean and prepare corals for planting.
"This is my way of giving back to the community," said Erin McKinnon of Orlando, who has taken the course twice.
"This garden is blossoming," said Sharon Boggess of North Conway, N.H., holding back tears. "It's just so amazing to replenish the reef."
Nedimyer, whose work has led to the cultivation of some 40,000 corals in total, said he hopes his "obsession" with coral restoration can be expanded to local dive shops, so they can offer his workshops to visitors to help in the nurseries.
"Now we have more corals than we can plant," he said. "We've created a monster."
If you want to go, here is some information about what the Coral Restoration Foundation requires: asks for a $50 donation per diver per day. High school and college groups are $35 a person. Next workshop will be June 20-23. Divers of all ages and skill levels can participate. Several resorts in the Upper Florida Keys offer packages that combine stays with opportunities to learn about coral reefs and help in the foundation's coral nursery, including the Amory Dive Resort on Mile Marker 104. Click Here for more information.
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